Hypersonic vehicles refer to aircraft or spacecraft that can travel at speeds exceeding Mach 5, or five times the speed of sound. These vehicles are designed to achieve hypersonic speeds by utilizing advanced propulsion systems, aerodynamics, and materials that can withstand the extreme temperatures and pressures experienced at high speeds. Hypersonic vehicles have the potential to revolutionize transportation, military capabilities, and space exploration by significantly reducing travel times and expanding access to previously unreachable destinations. Research in this area focuses on developing new technologies and systems to improve the performance, safety, and reliability of hypersonic vehicles.